Capacitor Discharging  Calculation

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/capdis.html

1-Wire protocal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Wire

How to unpack a tar file in windows

http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/How_to_unpack_a_tar_file_in_windows

Geometric Interpretation of Trace

It should be emphasised that the trace really is a property of an operator between vector spaces, not a property of the matrix used to represent them. Again, this is not quite "geometric" -- it is really more "spectral" -- but it does I think make the trace seem more natural.



http://mathoverflow.net/questions/13526/geometric-interpretation-of-trace

Partition camping bank conflicts GPU/CPU

http://forum.cs264.org/index.php?topic=223.0;wap2

Bank Conflict and Warp Serializing

One can use the warp_serialize flag when profiling CUDA applications to determine whether shared memory bank conflicts occur in any kernel.  In general, this flag also reflects use of atomics and constant memory.

NVIDIA CUDA Example for Matrix Transpose


http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/samples/6_Advanced/transpose/doc/MatrixTranspose.pdf

difference between fprintf, printf, sprintf

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4627330/difference-between-fprintf-printf-sprintf

fprintf writes formatted text to the output stream you specify.

printf is equivalent to writing fprintf(stdout, ...) and writes formatted text to wherever the standard output stream is currently pointing.

sprintf writes formatted text to an array of char, as opposed to a stream.

How to install Readline/libreadline in Ubuntu

Search different package

$ apt-cache search readline

http://linuxprograms.wordpress.com/2010/10/19/install-readline-linux/ 

Polynomial Order

The highest order power in a univariate polynomial is known as its order (or, more properly, its polynomial degree). For example, the polynomial

is of order , denoted .

Debugging in Octave

http://techlogbook.wordpress.com/2008/04/08/debugging-in-octave/


debug_on_warning(1);
debug_on_error(1);

this is to enter debug mode in Octave whenever a warning or error occurs.
To add a breakpoint, use
dbstop('yourfunctionname',1)
where 1 is the line number where you want to stop.
To go to next line, type
dbnext
To step into type
dbstep
To continue running, type
dbcont
to see the variable value, just type the name of the variable.

Dotfiles/Octave startup files and .octaverc templates

GNU Octave set PATH variable
http://bitonic.org/blog/?tag=octaverc

"can't open terminal"
Environment Setting?

http://osdir.com/ml/gnu.octave.maintainers/2005-04/msg00135.html

Octave documents
Startup files 
http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/doc/interpreter/Startup-Files.html

Another example
http://www.leancrew.com/all-this/2011/11/my-octaverc/


Keywords: dotfiles
http://dotfiles.org/

Escape Character:
In computing and telecommunication, an escape character is a character which invokes an alternative interpretation on subsequent characters in a character sequence.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_character

Bash Initialization Files:
http://www.solipsys.co.uk/new/BashInitialisationFiles.html?HN0811

(Chinese link)
http://sns.linuxpk.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=55617&do=blog&id=16477
edit editor "gvim %s"
edit editor "xterm -e vim %s"
edit editor "gnome-terminal -e \"vim %s\""
edit editor "gedit %s"

set terminal foreground/background color

setterm -term linux -back blue -fore white -clear

http://superuser.com/questions/248299/how-to-change-background-foreground-color-on-all-existing-terminals

http://matt-linux-log.blogspot.com/2010/09/change-tty-text-and-background-colour.html 


Bash Prompt HOWTO
http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-HOWTO/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO.html


Well explanation on Colors & Prompts in BASH
http://systhread.net/texts/200703bashish.php



 Other references and resource
Xterm Control Sequences
http://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html

Xterm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xterm

Terminal Color configuration:
http://www.pixelbeat.org/docs/terminal_colours/


More Detail visual examples:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Color_Bash_Prompt


Modified:

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
force_color_prompt=yes
 

PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[32m\]\$

FPGA Design and Verification in Mechatronic Applications

VHDL-AMS


The System Designer’s Guide to VHDL-AMS: Analog, Mixed-Signal, and Mixed-Technology Modeling.


http://eetimes.com/design/automotive-design/4011419/Virtual-prototyping-boosts-model-driven-Design-for-Six-Sigma-methodology-Part-3-of-3--Design-example-Electronic-throttle-control


 

Multi-dimensional Fourier Transform and separability

http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/CVonline/LOCAL_COPIES/OWENS/LECT4/node2.html

Simple Separability Proof
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CC0QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.unm.edu%2F~williams%2Fcs530%2Fft2d.pdf&ei=zN2rUMjxAa3biwKzuIDgCQ&usg=AFQjCNE7HhwvVkAK8c9JyjpWT0x8EIlJsA

N dimensional Fourier Transfrom (Stanford SEE)
n-dimensional Fourier Transform

Memory Organization and multi-dimensional logic

http://jemooo.com/memory-part-one/

Memory Organization:
www.cs.pitt.edu/~childers/CS1541/lectures/MemOrg.pdf
 

RAM Structure:
http://tams-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/applets/hades/webdemos/40-memories/40-ram/ram.html

Buffer

http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_4/chpt_3/3.html

Wired logic connection

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_logic_connection

Dailly Reading: Open collector

Applications of open-collector devices

Because the pull-up resistor is external and need not be connected to the chip supply voltage, a lower or higher voltage can be used instead.

Open collector circuits are therefore sometimes used to interface different families of devices that have different operating voltage levels. The open-collector transistor can be rated to withstand a higher voltage than the chip supply voltage. Such devices are commonly used to drive devices such as Nixie tubes, and vacuum fluorescent displays which require higher operating voltages than the usual 5-volt logic supply.

 
Another advantage is that more than one open-collector output can connect to a single line.

If all outputs attached to the line are in the high-impedance state, the pull-up resistor will hold the wire in a high voltage(logic 1) state.

 If one or more device outputs are in the logic 0 (ground) state, they will sink current and pull the line voltage toward ground.


 
Open-collector devices are commonly used to connect multiple devices to a bus (i.e., one carrying interrupt or write-enable signals). This enables one device to drive the bus without interference from the other inactive devices - if open-collector devices are not used, then the outputs of the inactive devices would attempt to hold the bus voltage high, resulting in unpredictable output.

By tying the output of several open collectors together, the common line becomes a "wired AND" (positive-true logic) or "wired OR" (negative-true logic) gate.

  A "wired OR" behaves like the boolean OR for negative-true logic, where the output is LOW if any one of its inputs is low. Such circuit constructions are termed "wired-AND" and "wired-OR", 

Hardware Porting Solution:

SCSI-1 devices use open collector for electrical signaling. ^[1] SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 may use EIA-485.

SCSI Parallel Interface??

Dailly reading: Tri-state logic and high impedence

Three-state logic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-state_logic

high impedance:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_impedance

Digital electronics
High Impedance: Low current, high voltage
Low Impedance: Low voltage, High current


In digital circuits, a high impedance (also known as hi-Z, tri-stated or floating) output is not being driven to any defined logic level by the output circuit. The signal is neither driven to a logical high nor low level; this third condition lead to the description "tri-stated". Such a signal can be seen as an open circuit (or "floating" wire) because connecting it to a low impedance circuit will not affect that circuit; it will instead itself be pulled to the same voltage as the actively driven output. The combined input/output pins found on many ICs are actualy tri-state capable outputs which have been internally connected to inputs. This is the basis for bus-systems in computers, among many other uses.

The high-impedance state of a given node in a circuit cannot be verified by a voltage measurement alone. 

A pull-up resistor can be used to try to pull the wire to high and low voltage levels. If the nodes is not in a high-impedance state, extra current from the resistor will not significantly affect its voltage level.


Analog electronics:
The high impedance node is one that does not have any low impedance paths to any other nodes.

Three-state logic
3 state logic allows an output port to assume a high impedance state, effectively removing the output from the circuit. This allows multiple circuits to share the same output line or lines.

Such as a bus which cannot listen to more than one device at a time.

Active low (OE output enable) which dictates whether the outputs should be held in high-impedance state or drive their respective loads (to either 0- or 1-level)


The whole concept of the third state is to effectively remove the device's influence from the rest of the circuit. If more than one device is electrically connected, putting an output into the Hi-Z state is often used to prevent short circuits, or one device driving high (logic 1)  against another device driving low (logical 0).

In particular, they are essential to the operation of a shared electronic bus.

Output enable vs. chip select

If CS is not asserted, the outputs are high impedance.
The difference lies in the time needed to output the signal. When chip select is deasserted, the chip does not operate internally, and there will be a significant delay between providing an address and receiving the data (An advantage of course, is that the chip consumes minimal power in this case.)

When chip select is asserted, the chip internally performs the access, and only the final output drivers are disabled by deasserting output enable. This can be done while the bus in use for other purposes.

Circuit designers will often use pull-up or pull-down resistors (usually within the range of 1-100kohm) to influence the circuit when the output is tri-stated. For example, I2C bus protocol (a bi-directional communication bus protocol often used between devices) specifies the use of pull-up resistors on the two communication lines. When devices are inactive, they "release " the communication lines and tri-state their outputs, thus removing their influence on the circuit. When all the devices on the bus have "released" the communication lines, the only influence on the circuit is the pull-up resistors, which pull the lines high. When a device wants to communicate, it comes out of the Hi-Z state and drives the line low. Devices communicating using this protocol either let the line float high, or drive it low-- thus preventing any bus contention situation where one device drives a line high and another low.


The PCI local bus provides pull-up resistors, but they would require several clock cycles to pull a signal high given the bus's large distributed capacitance. To enable high-speed operation, the protocol requires that every device connecting to the bus drive the important control signals high for at least one clock cycle before going to the Hi-Z state. This way, the pull-up resistors are only responsible for maintaining the bus signals in the face of leakage current.


Hardware configuration solution:

A three-state bus is typically used between chips on a single printed circuit board (PCB), or sometimes between PCBs plugged into a common backplane.

An open-collector bus is often used between PCBs plugged into a common backplane, or connected over longer cables.

How to grep word

http://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_04_02.html

If you want to get a list of all five-character English dictionary words starting with "c" and ending in "h" (handy for solving crosswords):

cathy ~> grep '\<c...h\>' /usr/share/dict/words
catch
clash
cloth
coach
couch
cough
crash
crush

For matching multiple characters, use the asterisk. This example selects all words starting with "c" and ending in "h" from the system's dictionary:

cathy ~> grep '\<c.*h\>' /usr/share/dict/words
caliph
cash
catch
cheesecloth
cheetah
--output omitted--

vimdiff Tutorial

http://amjith.blogspot.com/2008/08/quick-and-dirty-vimdiff-tutorial.html

• If you load up two files in splits (:vs or :sp), you can do :diffthis on each window and achieve a diff of files that were already loaded in buffers
• :diffoff can be used to turn off the diff mode.

How to use non-blocking sends and receives to great effect

http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~hnielsen/cs140/mpi-deadlocks.html

The send and receive calls are almost exactly the same as the blocking versions, with two differences. The first (which is conceptually important) is that the function will return immediately, regardless of whether the send or receive has finished. The second (which is important for the implementation) is that they take an MPI_Request pointer as the final parameter. This is later used to verify that the send or receive has been completed by calling MPI_Wait().


It is important to note that you can use any combination of blocking and non-blocking receives! 

Concept: Race Condition

electronics 
Computing
Filesystem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_condition

Summary

• Use the calls MPI_Isend() or MPI_Irecv() to initiate a non-blocking transfer.
• Always include an MPI_Wait() after a non-blocking call. The buffer you specified in the send or receive doesn't contain modifiable (in the case of sending) or even readable data (in the case of receiving) until this call completes.
• You can use a non-blocking call with a blocking call. Most of the example code does this.
• Be very careful about race conditions in the data. Don't write to data that is being sent, and don't read or write to data that is being received.

Dailly Reading: Asynchronous_I/O (wiki)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_I/O

Asynchronous I/O (non-blocking I/O),

Keywords/Concept map:

Hardware device status polled
hardware interrupts
Multitasking operating systems
Spooling?
multithreading

Forms:
All forms of asynchronous I/O open applications up to potential resource conflicts and associated failure. Careful programming often using
mutual exclusion, semaphores, etc)


Signals (Interrupts)
Available in BSD and POSIX Unix. I/O is issued asynchronously, and when it is complete a signal (interrupt) is generated. As in low-level kernel programming, the facilities structures as seen by the signal handler. The signal handler is usually not able to issue further asynchronous I/O by itself.


 
IO Synchronous Asynchronous Blocking IO Non Blocking IO (In chinese) http://blog.csdn.net/historyasamirror/article/details/5778378

Richard Stevens:
Unix Network Programming Volume 1, Third Edition: The Sockets Networking.

Section 6.2 I/O Models

Reducing Thermocouple Noise to Improve Measurements (NI)

http://digital.ni.com/public.nsf/allkb/9B99C4C98952F38486256298005A236D



Field Wiring and Noise Considerations for Analog Signals
http://www.ni.com/white-paper/3344/en

Thermocouples Vs. Thermistors (Temperature Measurement)

http://www.veriteq.com/validation/thermocouples-vs-thermistors.htm

Measuring Temperature: Managing Errors & Calibration:

Signal Errors & Noise

assert() Function Example Program in C

http://www.java-samples.com/showtutorial.php?tutorialid=595

The macro assert() can diagnose program bugs. It is defined in ASSERT.H, and its prototype is

 The argument expression can be anything  you want to test-a variable or any C expression. If expression evaluates to TRUE, assert() does nothing. If expression evaluate to FALSE, assert() displays an error message on stderr and aborts program execution.

How do you use assert()? It is most frequently used to track down program bugs (which are distinct from compilation errors). A bug doesn't prevent a program from compiling, but it causes it to give incorrect results or to run improperly (locking up, for example).


Analysis:

The action of assert() depends on another macro named NDEBUG (which stands for "no debugging"). If the macro NDEBUG isn't defined (the default), assert() is active. If NDEBUG is defined, assert() is turned off and has no effect. If you placed assert() in various program locations to help with debugging and then solved the problem, you can define NDEBUG to turn assert() off. This is much easier than going through the program and removing the assert() statements (only to discover later that you want to use them again). To define the macro NDEBUG, use the #define directive. You can demonstrate this by adding the line

#define NDEBUG

Note that NDEBUG doesn't need to be defined as anything in particular, as long as it's included in a #define directive.

Intracommunicator and MPI_COMM_WORLD

http://static.msi.umn.edu/tutorial/scicomp/general/MPI/content_communicator.html

• MPI_COMM_WORLD is the initially defined universe intracommunicator for all processes to conduct various communications once MPI_INIT has been called.
• In MPI-1, where the processes of executing the MPI computation, MPI_COMM_WORLD is a communicator of all processes available for the computation. This communicator has the same value in all processes.
• In MPI-2, where processes can dynamically join an MPI execution, it may be the case that a process starts an MPI computation without having access to all other processes. In such situations, MPI_COMM_WORLD is a communicator incorporating all processes with which the joining process can immediately communicate. Therefore, MPI_COMM_WORLD may simultaneously have different values in different processes

SPMD

We compiled a single program -- we didn't compile a different program for each process-- and we did this in spite of the fact that process 0 is doing something fundamentally different from the other process. This is quite common in parallel programming. In fact, most MPI programs are written in this way. That is, single program is written so that different processes carry out different actions, and this is achieved by simply having the processes branch on the basis of their process rank. (SPMD) Single Program multiple data.


--An introduction to Parallel Programming,
Peter S. Pacheco
University of San Francisco

Extreme programming

Extreme Programming (XP) is a software development methodology which is intended to improve software quality and responsiveness to changing customer requirements. As a type of agile software development,^[1][2][3] it advocates frequent "releases" in short development cycles (timeboxing), which is intended to improve productivity and introduce checkpoints where new customer requirements can be adopted.


Other elements of Extreme Programming include: programming in pairs or doing extensive code review, unit testing of all code, avoiding programming of features until they are actually needed, a flat management structure, simplicity and clarity in code, expecting changes in the customer's requirements as time passes and the problem is better understood, and frequent communication with the customer and among programmers.^[2][3][4] The method takes its name from the idea that the beneficial elements of traditional software engineering practices are taken to "extreme" levels, on the theory that if a little is good, more is better.^{[clarification needed]}
------Wiki

Ubuntu 12.04 cannot login, bounces back to login splash

actionparsnip (andrew-woodhead666) said on 2012-05-16:

#2

Press CTRL+ALT+F1 and log in there and run:

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER $HOME

Then press CTRL+ALT+F7 and try to log in

Cache Mapping

Cache to Ram Ration

A processor might have 512 KB of Cache and 512 MB of RAM.

There may be 1000 times more RAM than cache.

The cache algorithms have to carefully select the 0.1% of the memory that is likely to be most accessed.

A cache line contains two fields

Data from RAM
The address of the block is called the tag field.

Mapping:

The memory system has to quickly determine if a given address is in the cache.

Three popular methods of mapping addresses to cache locations.

-- Fully Associative
Search the entire cache for an address.
--Direct
Each address has a specific place in the cache.
--Set Associative
Each address can be in any of a small set of cache locations.

Searching Problem
Knowledge of searching

Linear Search O(n)
Binary Search O(log2 (n))
Hashing O(1)
Parallel Search O(n/p)

Associative Mapping
The data from any location in RAM can be stored in any location in cache.

When the processor wants an address, all tag fields in the cache as checked to determine if the data is already in the cache.

Each tag line requires circuitry to compare the desired address with the tag field.

All tag fields are checked in parallel.

Set Associative Mapping

Set associative mapping is a mixture of direct and associative mapping.

The cache lines are grouped into sets.

Replacement policy

When a cache miss occurs, data is copied into some location in cache.

With Set Associative of Fully Associative mapping, the system must decide where to put the data and what values will be replaced.

Cache performance is greatly affected by properly choosing data that is unlikely to referenced again.

Replacement Options
First In First Out (FIFO)
Least Recently Used (LRU)
Pseudo LRU
Random

Comparison of Mapping Fully Associatve

Associate mapping works the best, but is complex to implement. Each tag line requires circuitry to compare the desired address with the tag field.

Some special purpose $, such as the virtual memory Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) is an associative cache.

Comparison of Mapping Direct.

Has the lowest performance, but is easiest to implement. Direct is often used for instruction cache.

Sequential addresses fill a cache line and then go to the next cache line.

Interleaving & Memory Interleaving

Computer Memory, Communication system, error correction,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleaving



http://fourier.eng.hmc.edu/e85/lectures/memory/node2.html

Issues Related to Cache Memory

http://fourier.eng.hmc.edu/e85/lectures/memory/node3.html

• Load-ThroughWhen the CPU needs to read a word from the memory, the block containing the word is brought from MM to CM, while at the same time the word is forwarded to the CPU.
  
• Store-ThroughIf store-through is used, a word to be stored from CPU to memory is written to both CM (if the word is in there) and MM. By doing so, a CM block to be replaced can be overwritten by an in-coming block without being saved to MM.
  
  
  

CUDA Shared Memory broadcast

Multiple addresses map to same memory bank

Accesses are serialized
Hardware splits request into as many separate conflict-free requests as necessary
Exception: if all access the same address: broadcast

However, recent large improvements in CUBLAS and CUFFT performance were achieved by avoiding shared memory in favor of registers -- so try to use registers whenever possible.

If all threads read from the same shared memory address then a broadcast mechanism is automatically invoked and serialization is avoided. Shared memory broadcasts are an excellent and high-performance way to get data to many threads simultaneously.

It is worthwhile trying to exploit this feature whenever you use shared memory.

----Rob Farber
www.drdobbs.com/parallel/cuda-supercomputing-for-the-masses-part/208801731

CUDA, Supercomputing for the masses: Part 5 

C preprocessor #if defined

#if defined MACRO is precisely equivalent to #ifdef MACRO

Vim cheatsheet

http://www.worldtimzone.com/res/vi.html

Change Octave defualt editor to VIM

http://wiki.octave.org/VIM

.bash_profile or .profile

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1916661
ls -al

show hidden file

5.1 Cost of Solving a System of Linear Equations Using Gaussian Elimination

http://ceee.rice.edu/Books/CS/chapter5/cost1.html

Cost of Solving a System of Linear Equations Using Gaussian Elimination

http://ceee.rice.edu/Books/CS/chapter5/cost1.html

Today's reading: Computer Architecture: Appendix B1

Reviews of Memory Hierarchy

Palt   When the processor references an item within a page that is not present in cache or main memory.

Palt occurs.

Syntax error: Bad for loop variable

With sh or ksh, you must use a while statement.

Jean-Pierre.

http://www.unix.com/shell-programming-scripting/60860-loop-syntax-trouble.html

 chmod 755 xxxxx.sh

./xxxxx

Bash/Shell Programming – Binary Operator Expected

http://digitalvectorz.wordpress.com/2009/12/10/bashshell-programming-binary-operator-expected/


if [[ -n `ls | grep something` ]]; then
echo "Success";
fi



Nested if/then condition:
http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/nestedifthen.html



if [ "$a" -gt 0 ]
then
  if [ "$a" -lt 5 ]
  then
    echo "The value of \"a\" lies somewhere between 0 and 5."
  fi
fi

Linux C exit function

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exit_%28operating_system%29

http://linux.about.com/library/cmd/blcmdl3_exit.htm

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2007558/exit-function-on-linux

include
stdlib 
cstdlib (C++)

How to use string as data for plotting in Matlab?

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3672637/how-to-use-string-as-data-for-plotting-in-matlab
x = yourXdata;
y = yourYdata;
labels = {'A' 'B' 'C'};
plot(x, y); set(gca, 'XTick', 1:3, 'XTickLabel', labels);

How to Set the Tick Locations and Labels
http://www.math.ufl.edu/help/matlab/tec2.10.html


Thread Subject: convert matrix (double) to cell array (string) without for loop
a = 1:3 ;
b = strread(num2str(a),'%s')

http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/newsreader/view_thread/156758

Inside Nehalem: Intel’s Future Processor and System

http://www.realworldtech.com/nehalem/7/

L1D Cache?

Inclusive caches are forced by design to replicate data, which implies certain relationships between the sizes of the various levels of the cache. In the case of Nehalem, each core contains 64KB of data in the L1 caches and 256KB in the L2 cache (there may or may not be data that is in both the L1 and L2 caches).


This means that 1-1.25MB of the 8MB L3 cache in Nehalem is filled with data that is also in other caches. What this means is that inclusive caches should only really be used where there is a fairly substantial size difference between the two levels. Nehalem has about an 8X difference between the sum of the four L2 caches and the L3, while Barcelona’s L3 cache is the same size as the total of the L2 caches.

Nehalem’s cache hierarchy has also been made more flexible by increasing support for unaligned accesses.

As a result, an unaligned SSE load or store will always have the same latency as an aligned memory access, so there is no particular reason to use aligned SSE memory accesses. 

TLB Translation Lookaside Buffer

A TLB has a fixed number of slots that contain page table entries, which map virtual addresses to physical addresses. The virtual memory is the space seen from a process. This space is segmented in pages of a prefixed size. The page table (generally loaded in memory) keeps track of where the virtual pages are loaded in the physical memory. The TLB is a cache of the page table; that is, only a subset of its contents are stored.

The TLB references physical memory addresses in its table.

bash for loop exampe

http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/07/bash-for-loop-examples/

General solution of output redirection

http://askubuntu.com/questions/75327/redirection-doesnt-work


http://www.mathinfo.u-picardie.fr/asch/f/MeCS/courseware/users/help/general/unix/redirection.html

>> Append standard output


Sometimes shell redirecting does not work (specifically - when one shell spawns another shell, I think:). Above is the generic solution that simply grabs all the shell output and places it into the file. In your case this should work as well, since you're expecting output on stdout/stderr.

script -c "/path/prog" /path/log.txt   script -c "Your Command" Filename.txt

Wire Parameter Calculator

http://circuitcalculator.com/wordpress/2007/09/20/wire-parameter-calculator

zssh and scp solution

http://www.hypexr.org/linux_scp_help.php

zssh
http://askubuntu.com/questions/13382/download-a-file-over-an-active-ssh-session

scp
http://www.howtogeek.com/66776/how-to-remotely-copy-files-over-ssh-without-entering-your-password/

Matlab tricks errorbar

http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~qhuys/matlab.html

Matlab libc.so.6 permission deny

cannot mmap file
http://www.turnkeylinux.org/forum/support/20110216/cannot-mmap-file

rm /usr/lib/libGuestLib.so
ln -s /usr/lib/vmware-tools/lib32/libvmGuestLib.so/libvmGuestLib.so /usr/lib/libGuestLib.so

http://www.mathworks.com/support/solutions/en/data/1-ONA55/index.html?solution=1-ONA55

chmod 755 libc.so.6

Matlab 

http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~qhuys/matlab.html 

Symbolic Link

http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/10134-usr-local-matlab-r2011a-bin-util-oscheck-sh-605-lib64-libc-so-6-not-found

http://askubuntu.com/questions/189318/missing-lib-libc-so-6 

Homework LaTeX Template I use

https://gist.github.com/1278588


http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/31183/class-file-for-homework-assignments

Thread Subject: Copying rows of numbers

http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/newsreader/view_thread/258309

repmat

Update Manager error : Requires installation of untrusted packages

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1828748

sudo rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/apt/lists/partial
sudo aptitude update

Octave Programming Tutorial

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Octave_Programming_Tutorial

Drawing Sexy graphs in Matlab

http://quantombone.blogspot.com/2012/01/drawing-sexy-graphs-in-matlab.html

From Tombone's blog
(Tomasz Malisiewicz)

MatLab GraphViz Interface
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/4518

From Leon Peshkin

Drawing Beautiful Explicite and Implicite Functions using Matlab

http://www.falkoschindler.de/pub/2011/08/20-drawing-beautiful-explicite-and-implicite-functions-using-matlab/

2-D line plot
http://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/plot.html

Setting Properties

Improving Your MATLAB Figures

Micah Kimo Johnson

http://www.mit.edu/~kimo/blog/improving_figures.html


Making pretty graphs
http://blogs.mathworks.com/loren/2007/12/11/making-pretty-graphs/

Setting figure size:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5183047/matlab-setting-graph-figure-size

hFig = figure(1); set(hFig, 'Position', [x y width height]) 

Octave Plotting Function

http://sunsite.univie.ac.at/textbooks/octave/octave_15.html

Infinite Geometric Series

http://www.intmath.com/series-binomial-theorem/3-infinite-geometric-series.php

If −1<r<1, then the infinite geometric series

a₁ + a₁r + a₁r² + a₁r³ + ... + a₁r^n-1

converges to a particular value.
This value is given by:

S∞=a11−r (|r|<1)

The series converges because each term gets smaller and smaller (since -1 < r < 1).

Daily Reading: Software stack

http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=software+stack&i=51702,00.asp

PC Mag

A set of programs that work together to produce a result; for example, an operating system and its applications. It may refer to any group of applications that work in sequence toward a common result or to any set of utilities or routines that work as a group. 

Solution Stack 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_stack 

A comprehensive definition from IBM:

http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/tivihelp/v28r1/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.tivoli.tpm.scenario.doc%2Fsoftware%2Fcsfm_sftstack.html  
Discussion on differences between OS and software stack
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10283725/what-is-difference-between-software-stack-and-os-why-android-is-not-an-os-but

How to find/display your MAC address

Unix/Linux

http://www.coffer.com/mac_info/locate-unix.html

ifconfig -a

HWaddr

http://www.jonathanmoeller.com/screed/?p=3420

ifconfig | grep HWaddr

Keeping a reading journal

http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/classes/fa12/cse260-b/Summaries.html

In addition to summarizing the basic facts, your writeup should

• discuss the contributions of the paper, reflecting, analyzing or criticizing the ideas presented
• offer insight into the authors' motivation
• explore open issues or ideas that you are wondering about after reading the paper

How to read a research paper:

with contributions of Bill Griswold, Gail Murphy, Cristina Conati, Erica Melis

http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~cs227b/papers/introduction/howToRead.txt 

What are motivations for this work?

The paper should describe why the problem
      is important and why it does not have a trivial solution; that is, why a
      new solution may be required.

What is the proposed solution?

There should also be an argument about why the solution solves the
      problem better than previous solutions. There should also be a discussion
      about how the solution is achieved (designed and implemented) or is at
      least achievable. Are all concepts and notations introduced before their
      first usage? 

What is the evaluation of the proposed solution?

What argument and/or
      experiment is made to make a case for the value of the ideas? What
      benefits or problems are identified? Are they convincing?

What alternative solutions exist? Read a paper critically.

What are the contributions? The contributions in a paper may be many and
      varied. Ideas, software, experimental techniques, and area survey are a
      few key possibilities.

What are future directions for this research? Not only what future
      directions do the authors identify, but what ideas did you come up with
      while reading the paper? 

You may find it productive to try to answer each question in turn, writing your answer
down. In practice, you are not done reading a paper until you can answer all the
questions.

Exascale Computing

Definition(Wiki):

Exascale computing refers to a computer system capable of reaching performance of at least one exaflops. Such capacity would represent a thousandfold increase over the currently existing petascale^[1]

Pressure Release Boundary Condition, Llyod-mirror

Geophysics Modeling Explanation:



WAVE TRANSMISSION THROUGH RANDOM LAYERING WITH
PRESSURE RELEASE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS


http://www.math.uci.edu/~ksolna/research/67_pulse_layered.pdf

Classical surface-image, Lloyd-mirror

Definition:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%27s_mirror

5 Hiring Secrets You Need To Know Before Your Next Job Interview

http://www.businessinsider.com/5-hiring-secrets-you-need-to-know-before-your-next-job-interview-2012-9

Tamiya technicraft

http://www.tamiya.com/english/products/list/technicraft/kit72001.htm

Free electrons Embedded Linux Expert

http://free-electrons.com/

Roadmap to Linux driver beginner:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2683682/new-to-linux-kernel-driver-development

Possible solution something is missing problem of natbib

A sample document generated using the latex style file for csuf thesis

CSUF

Writing a Linux device driver module for kernel 3.0 or 2.6 with udev

http://pete.akeo.ie/2011/08/writing-linux-device-driver-for-kernels.html

How to deal with 4 insanely tough interview questions

http://www.thedailymuse.com/job-search/4-insanely-tough-interview-questions-and-how-to-nail-them/

Loading and unloading modules in Linux

# /sbin/lsmod
List of modules and the programs /kernel use


http://www.techrepublic.com/article/loading-and-unloading-modules-in-linux/5031591

rmmod ppp

Wiki Transimission Line

Wikipedia Transmission Line

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_line

"However, when the voltage changes in a time interval comparable to the time it takes for the signal to travel down the wire, the length becomes important and the wire must be treated as a transmission line. Stated another way, the length of the wire is important when the signal includes frequency components with corresponding wavelengths comparable to or less than the length of the wire."

"A common rule of thumb is that the cable or wire should be treated as a transmission line if the length is greater than 1/10 of the wavelength. At this length the phase delay and the interference of any reflections on the line become important and can lead to unpredictable behavior in systems which have not been carefully designed using transmission line theory."

What is stray capacitance?

What is stray capacitance?
http://www.edaboard.com/thread179679.html

Wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance#Stray_capacitance

Convert .gif to png under Linux

convert image.gif image.png

http://superuser.com/questions/71028/batch-converting-png-to-jpg-in-linux

ubuntu backup solution

help center
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BackupYourSystem

rsync and grsync
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/rsync#Grsync

CUDA 4.2 install in 12.04

CUDA 4.2 install in 12.04
http://forums.nvidia.com/index.php?showtopic=231150

undefined reference to 'gluErrorString' trouble installing cuda on ubuntu 12.04:
Solution
http://forums.nvidia.com/index.php?showtopic=224163

cannot open libcudart.so.4
solution:
http://laurencedawson.com/upgrading-to-cuda-4.0

ldconfig

How to install GCC 4.7 in Ubuntu 12.04

http://www.shibuvarkala.com/

How to install LAMP in Ubuntu

http://ubuntublog.org/installing-lamp-ubuntu.htm

Customizing the sidebar in beamer

Marburg beamer
http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/46874/customizing-the-sidebar-in-beamer

How to hide other SubSubsections in sidebar of beamerclass
http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/51889/how-to-hide-other-subsubsections-in-sidebar-of-beamerclass

How to install LaTeX/Packages/Extra Packages

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Packages/Installing_Extra_Packages

1. Extract the files:
Run LaTeX on the .ins file. That is, open the file in your editor and process it as if it were a LaTeX document.

Or type : latex xxx.ins in terminal window.

2. Create the documentation
Run LaTeX on the .dtx file. You might need to run it twice or more. to get the cross-references right (just like any other LaTeX document). This will create a .dvi file of documentation explaining what the package is for and how to use it. If you prefer to create PDF then run pdfLaTeX instead. If you created a .idx as well, it means that the document contains an index, too. .glo (glossary) file has been produced. Run the following command instead:

makeindex -s gglo.ist -o name.gls name.glo

3. Install the files While the documentation is printing, move or copy the package files from your temporary directory to the right places in your TeX local installation directory tree, Packages installed by hand should always be placed in your "local" directory tree, not in the directory tree containing all the pre-installed packages.

Unix-type systems: Usually ~/texmf/ or ~/texmf-texlive

The "right place" sometimes causes confusion, especially if your TeX installation is old or does not conform to the TeX Directory Structure. For a TDS-conformant system, the "right place" for a LaTeX .sty file is suitably-named subdirectory of texmf/tex/latex/.

TDS?
http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/info/beginlatex/html/chapter5.html#TDS

4. Update your index Finally, run your TeX indexer program to update the package database.
texhash
mktexlsr
.....

This step is utterly essential, otherwise nothing will work.

http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.uk/~nlct/latex/novices/installsty.html

Easy installatin/removal of a LaTeX package
http://askubuntu.com/questions/72803/easy-installation-removal-of-a-latex-package

LaTeX Classes or Styles for Schedules and /or Calendars/ Other LaTeX Templates

Stackexchange:
http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/843/latex-classes-or-styles-for-schedules-and-or-calendars


Evan Sultanik:
LaTeX calendar style
http://www.sultanik.com/LaTeX_calendar_style

Gantt chart:
http://www.martin-kumm.de/tex_gantt_package.php
http://jldiaz.wikidot.com/en-tikz-example%3agantt

Other Latex templates for project management tasks:
http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/1333/latex-templates-for-project-management-tasks

More stuff can be found in TikZ and PGF examples:
http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/


LaTeX Templates
http://www.latextemplates.com/

CTAN Templates
http://www.ctan.org

LaTeX Edit Office (In Chinese)
http://zzg34b.w3.c361.com/index.htm
Books and templates.

LaTeX Bibliography Management

http://www.usm.edu/zxzhou/tools/referencing/LaTex_Bibliography_Management.pdf

LyX and LaTeX
thesis templates:
http://www.thesis-template.com/

Can I use a binary literal in C or C++?

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2611764/can-i-use-a-binary-literal-in-c-or-c

If you are using GCC then you can use GCC extension for this:

int x = 0b00010000;http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Binary-constants.html

Binary constants using the '0b' prefix
http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Binary-constants.html

C operator precedence
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operators_in_C_and_C%2B%2B#Operator_precedence

How to measure time in NVIDIA CUDA?

Ivan's blog
http://ivanlife.wordpress.com/2011/05/09/time-cuda/

CUDA Developer Forum Discussion:
cudaEvent timer vs. Host timers
http://forums.developer.nvidia.com/devforum/discussion/7541/cudaevent-timers-vs-host-timers/p1
Parallel Nsight, NVIDIA Visual Profiler, CUDA profiler, and the CUPTI SDK provide the most accurate  methods to measure the execution time of a kernel. The measured time does not include the overhead to launch the kernel.

cudaEventRecord is the most accurate method to measure the setup and execution time of a kernel.

A high percision CPU timer can be used to measure the overhead of the launch, the execution of the kernel, and the completion notification. If you use this method I recommend that you call cudaDeviceSynchronize() before the first clock to make sure there is no outstanding work that might delay the launch of the kernel. This method will have the highest variance as OS context switching and other applications using the GPU will show up in this method.

Greg Simth

Stanford Image Systems Engineering Image Library

http://scien.stanford.edu/?page_id=886

Remarks on Gflops Measurement and Code Profiling

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7875607/how-to-calculate-gflops-of-a-kernel

The presentation:
Analysis-Driven Optimization
by Paulius Micikevicius from NVIDIA

Copy file through Linux Shell Script

http://erpschools.com/articles/shell-script-tutorial

 SRC=~/Desktop/Blahblah.bmp
 DST=~/Desktop/test/
 cp ${SRC} ${DST}

Blogger Source Code Formatter
http://codeformatter.blogspot.com/

Another copy file script example
http://bash.cyberciti.biz/decision-making/copy-file-script/

include source code in latex

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Packages/Listings

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3175105/how-to-insert-code-into-a-latex-doc

LaTeX Sample with professional look
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/741985/latex-source-code-listing-like-in-professional-books

Daily Reading: Locality of reference

Spatial Locality, Temporal Locality, relevant knowledge of cache. (wiki)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locality_of_reference#Use_of_spatial_and_temporal_locality:_hierarchical_memory

Texture memory speed test

Speed test program
http://forums.nvidia.com/index.php?showtopic=181432&st=0

"On Fermi, global memory loads are cached in L1 and L1 cache has higher bandwidth than the texture cache"
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9893086/why-in-my-case-the-texture-memory-is-slower-than-the-global

Spatial Locality of texture memory usage.